Textual and visual conventions


  • Typing and formatting your text: It is recommended to write your text in an editor on your computer and then to paste it directly in the text areas of the on-line forms. Do not use any formatting at this stage, as it will be lost during the copy/paste. Once you are ready to copy and paste your text, please proceed as follows. Note that the on-line editor is known to have problems with Internet Explorer but works very well with Firefox or Google Chrome.
    1. Connect to the desired on-line form.
    2. Switch the on-line editor to the “Show Source” mode using the button “<>” on the right.
    3. Delete anything that could stay in the text area.
    4. Paste your text in the text area.
    5. Switch the editor back to the “Show Rich Text” mode using the same button.
    6. You can now adjust the formatting of your text using the buttons as follows.
    7. Sections and Sub-sections are accepted; Sub-sub-sections are not.
    8. Titles: Please use H2 and H3 for your Sections and Sub-sections titles, respectively. The H1 title is reserved for the main title. Do not number the headings.
    9. To make selected words more visible in a paragraph, please use the bold face.
  • Images/videos: See instructions in Introducing Images or Videos in Manuscripts. Please make sure to follow our Copyright rules, especially if the image/video is not yours.
  • Units: The metric system is mandatory and, wherever possible, SI units should be used. Also units should be displayed as simply as possible and without exponential.
  • Date and Time: 25 July 2007 (dd month yyyy), 15:17:02 (hh:mm:ss). If necessary, you can specify whether the time if referring to local time or Universal Time Coordinated. This can be done by adding “(Local Time)” or “(Universal Time)”, respectively.
  • Abbreviations and Acronyms: The abbreviations “Sect.” and “Fig.” should be used when they appear in running text and should be followed by a number unless they come at the beginning of a sentence, e.g.: “The results are depicted in Fig. 5. Figure 9 reveals that…” If acronyms or abbreviations are used throughout the article, they should be defined at first occurrence, e.g.: National Research Foundation (NRF). If these names or concepts are also mentioned in the abstract, they should be defined there as well.
  • Capitalization: In addition to proper nouns, capitalization of the first letter is applied for titles, section headings, figure and table captions but only for the first word. Abbreviations and expressions in the text such as Fig(s)., Sect(s). should always be capitalized when used with numbers, e.g., Fig. 3, Sect 2. The words figure(s) in the text should not be capitalized when used without an accompanying number.
  • Non-English Words and Phrases in English Manuscript: Non-English words that have not come into general use are italicized. Words, phrases and abbreviations referenced in the Webster’s are not italicized. For example, et al., cf., e.g., a priori, in situ, should not be italicized or hyphenated.
  • Footnotes: They should be avoided as they tend to break the flow of the reading. The in-line syntax is as follows:
    …previous sentence ends.[ref footnote]Text to be inserted as footnote.[/ref] New sentence begins…
    At the end of your manuscript, include the following lines:
      [ref footnote display /]
      [ref display /]  
      [ref clearall /]  
    A footnote will be replaced in the text by a footnote reference [1] and will appear as a numbered list in a Footnotes Section located after the end of the text and before the Bibliography, if any. Footnotes are available throughout the web site (including Manuscript Invitations, Manuscripts, Review Reports, Ideas, Author’s Replies, and Editor’s Correspondences). Note that footnotes will display correctly only once the Manuscript is posted on the web site.
  • Citations, references and bibliography: See How to handle references and citations.